New malaria 'poses human threat' Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New malaria 'poses human threat' - Assignment Example P. knowlesi resembles the less serious P. malariae under microscopic inspection, but if not properly diagnosed, it can be as deadly as dreaded malarial parasites like P. falciparum. Since P. knowlesi has the ability to reproduce every 24 hours in the blood, urgent medical treatment is needed in cases of infection, failing to which it can turn deadly. The research, headed by Professor Balbir Singh of University Malaysia Sarawak, involved testing over 150 patients with malaria infection admitted to hospital in Sarawak between July 2006 and January 2008. Their study revealed that more than two thirds of these infections were caused by P. knowlesi. Since the major symptom among patients infected with P. knowlesi was the low blood platelet count in them, doctors can take it as a lead to further diagnosis even in places where P. knowlesi is not yet detected to be the cause of malaria. Professor Balram suggests that while treating a patient who had visited a place where P. knowlesi is detec ted to be the cause of malarial infections among humans, clinicians should be â€Å"aware of the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and rapid and potentially serious course of P. knowlesi malaria†. The study throws light on the future possibilities of having to deal with new kind of deadly

Pel Appliances Essay Example for Free

Pel Appliances Essay In 1986-87, the company started manufacturing of refrigerators in technical collaboration with M/s IAR-SILTAL of Italy. In 1987, PEL deep freezers were also introduced in technical collaboration with M/s Ariston of Italy. In 2006, the Company has started manufacturing of split type air conditioners of various capacities as the customer choice has shifted from window type to split type. The product has been well received in the market. This encourages the company to multiply its production in the coming year. Today, PEL has become a household name. Its products are not only in great demand in the local market but the Company has started exporting its appliances The company comprises of two divisions: * Appliances Division * Power Division Pak Elektron Limited (PEL) is the pioneer manufacturer of electrical goods in Pakistan. It was established in 1956 in technical collaboration with M/s AEG of Germany. In October 1978, the company was taken over by Saigol Group of Companies. Since its inception, the company has always been contributing owards the advancement and development of the engineering sector in Pakistan by introducing a range of quality electrical equipments and home appliances and by producing hundreds of engineers, skilled workers and technicians through its apprenticeship schemes and training programmes. The company comprises of two divisions: * Ever since their launch, PEL air conditioners have a leading position in the market. PEL air conditioners cooling performance has been tested and approved by Copeland and ITS USA. With the shift of users preference from window type to split type air conditioners, PEL has started manufacturing split type air conditioners. PEL Refrigerators The manufacturing of refrigerators started in 1986-87 in technical collaboration with M/s IAR-SILTAL of Italy. Like the air conditioner, PELs refrigerators are also in great demand. Today, PEL Crystal has 30% market share. Its cooling performance is tested and approved by Danfoss, Germany and its manufacturing facility is ISO 9002 certified by SGS Switzerland. PEL Deep Freezers PEL deep freezers were introduced in 1987 in technical collaboration with M/s Ariston of Italy. Because of durability and high quality, PEL deep freezers are the preferred choice of companies like Unilever. Power Division manufactures energy meters, transformers, switchgears, Kiosks, compact stations, shunt capacitor banks etc. All these electrical goods are manufactured under strict quality control and in accordance with international standards. PEL is one of the major electrical equipment suppliers to Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) and Karachi Electrical Supply Corporation (KESC), which are the largest power utilities in Pakistan. Over the years, PEL electrical equipment has been used in numerous power projects of national importance within Pakistan. PEL has the privilege of getting its equipment approved and certified by well-reputed international consultants such as: * Preece, Cardew and Rider, England Harza Engineering Company, USA * Snam Progeti, Italy * Societe Dumezm, France * Miner ;amp; Miner International Inc. USA * Ensa, France In spite of stiff competition from emerging local and multinational brands, PEL Groups appliances and electrical equipments have remained in the spotlight due to constant innovation. Strategic partnership with multinationals of repute have enabled the PEL G roup to incorporate new technologies into existing product ranges, thus giving the Pakistani market access to innovative, affordable and quality products. PEL was 16th Company in Pakistan which got ISO 9002 Certification in 1997, since then PEL Management is applying this International Standard Practices for Effectively Managing Quality of Products and Services that Company Offers. The International Standard Practices in PEL have been Upgraded as per the Revised   ISO 9001 Standards and its   Scope of Application   is expanding ever since and Top Management is Committed to make PEL a Total Quality Management (TQM) Company. In this Company Quality is the Subject of Management at all Levels.

Voltaire Essay -- essays research papers

Voltaire was a talented, assertive, and controversial French writer from the eighteenth century enlightenment period. He was born in 1694 to a wealthy family in Paris, and given the name Francois-Marie Arouet. During the early years of his life Voltaire endured many hardships. For instance, his mother passed away when he was seven leaving only his father and older brother to raise him. Unfortunately, this added insult to injury as Voltaire despised both his father and brother. Nevertheless, Voltaire's determination allowed him to rise above his early misfortunes, and he later went on to pursue college at the College of Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Once there he studied literature, despite his father's wishes that he pursue a carreer in law. It was during this stretch of the young writer's life he first voiced his oppositions on the established church and government in France. By the young age of twenty two Voltaire was exhiled to Sully-sur-Loire for writing a satire of the Duke of Orleans, the ruling regent of France. Voltaire's bouts with those in power continued throughout most his life. In fact, he was subject to brief spells in prison on more than one occasion for aggrevating the reigning Monarch. Despite French governmental attempts to deter or imprison him, Voltaire went on to become an exeptional philosopher, author, and leading figure of the enlightenment The overall message of "Candide" is that every human being has the p...

Declaration Of Independence :: essays research papers fc

The Accomplishments of Harriet Tubman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harriet Tubman was a black woman born into slavery. Harriet was an abolitionist and strongly believed that all slaves should be free. Harriet learned that her master had died and that she would be sold if she did not run away. At the age of twenty-five, Harriet left her plantation and was on the run to a free state (Harriet par 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harriet made her way ninety miles from Maryland to Philadelphia. There she began to work and make a living for herself. She decided that she was going to free other slaves so she began to make her journey back to the Southern states twice a year to free as many slaves as she could (Bentley 47-49).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Underground Railroad was how Harriet freed hundreds of slaves, including her aging parents. The Underground Railroad was a route that Harriet took to free the slaves. She would have covered wagons with fixed bottoms, which were filled with slaves. She would take them to various homes of other abolitionists for food and shelter throughout the night. Once day broke Harriet would continue her journey towards the free states (Smith par 1-2).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the government enacted the Fugitive Slave Law Harriet could not bring the slaves to Philadelphia anymore. They were no longer safe in any of the states and had to be brought to Canada for their freedom. This meant that Harriet had to extend the route of the Underground Railroad (Petry 132-133).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harriet was nicknamed Moses by her people. They believed that she was sent from God to free them. Throughout all her trips back and forth through the Underground Railroad, the reward for the capture of Harriet was up to $40,000. This made it even more difficult for Harriet to make it safely through the woods and trails, though she was never captured (Smith par 5-6).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Civil War, Harriet Tubman became very prominent. She became a nurse, a scout, and a spy for the Union forces. As a nurse, Harriet found a root that helped cure the dysentery. Once again the soldiers began to call her Moses because she had saved many of their lives (Petry 220-224). While being involved in the Civil War, Harriet freed another seven hundred slaves. Harriet was said to be a well respected throughout the war. She received official commendations from many Union Army officials. Even though Harriet contributed a lot of time and hard work in the war efforts, she never received veterans’ benefits for any of of her painstaking work (Harriet par 3).

Pareting Skills Essay

1)What is positive parenting? Positive parenting is when you encourage good behavior, good communication, and help your children maintain high self-esteem. 2)What is discipline? How does it differ from punishment? Discipline is to teach your child from their mistake and it’s different from punishment because punishment is when your child doesn’t abide by the rules nor does something they were told not to do. 3)What is active listening? Why is it used by parents? Active listening is when the child learns from being given feedback about what they do. Parents use active listening so their child learns from what they did and what they can do to What is guidance? Provide an example of a parent providing guidance to a child? Guidance is guiding your child in the right direction. An example of a parent providing guidance to a child is if your child is yelling in the library instead of yelling back at him telling him to shut up, tell him to talk lower. 4)Where can families and parents find support and resources? Families and parents find support and resources by going to classes for caring for infants, churches, schools, doctors’ offices, and community centers. Do you think positive parenting techniques work? Why or why not? Yes I think positive parenting techniques work because I feel that children respond positively when parents are not negative. 1.Choose one of the three scenarios presented at the beginning of the module. Describe how you would handle the situation. †¢You come home from work and find that your middle school-aged daughter hasn’t finished her homework, even though she was supposed to have the homework done so that you could have a family movie night Since she didn’t do her homework before I got home; while everyone is watching the movie for movie night she will be doing her homework and will not be able to join the family until she is finished 1)Why are consequences an important part of positive parenting? Consequences are an important part of positive parenting because if your child doesn’t have any consequences for their actions they will keep doing the things they do.

Adjectives and Word Order in Spanish

Adjectives and Word Order in Spanish It is often said that adjectives come after nouns in Spanish. But this isnt entirely true - some types of adjectives frequently or always come before the nouns they modify, and some can be placed either before or after nouns. Often, the determining factor in an adjectives placement is its purpose in the sentence. Beginners usually dont have much difficulty with the placement of numbers, indefinite adjectives (words like /each and algunos/some) and adjectives of quantity (such as mucho/much and pocos/few), which precede nouns in both languages. The main difficulty facing beginners is with descriptive adjectives. Students often learn that they are placed after the noun (which they usually are), but then they are surprised to find when theyre reading real Spanish outside their textbooks that adjectives are often used before the nouns they modify. Tip for beginners: Most of the material in this lesson is more appropriate for intermediate students than for beginners. If youre new to learning Spanish, it isnt important at this point to memorize the rules. What is important to remember is that while descriptive adjectives usually follow the nouns they modify, if one appears before the noun in something written or said by a native speaker its probably not a mistake, and there is probably a reason why the adjective is where it is. Most of the words we think of as adjectives are descriptive adjectives, words that impart a quality of some sort to the noun. Most of them can appear either before or after a noun, and here is the general rule for where: After the noun: If an adjective classifies a noun, that is, if it is used to distinguish that particular person or object from others that could be represented by the same noun, it is placed after the noun. Adjectives of color, nationality, and affiliation (such as of religion or political party) usually fit in this category, as do many others. A grammarian might say in these cases that the adjective restricts the noun. Before the noun: If the main purpose of the adjective is to reinforce the meaning of the noun, to impart emotional effect on the noun, or to convey appreciation of some sort for the noun, then the adjective often is placed before the noun. A grammarian might say these are adjectives used nonrestrictively. Another way of looking at it is that placement before the noun often indicates a subjective quality (one dependent on the view of the person speaking) rather than an objective (demonstrable) one. Keep in mind that this is a general rule only, and sometimes there is no discernible reason for a speakers choice of word order. But you can see some of the common differences in usage in the following examples: la luz fluorescente (the fluorescent light) - Fluorescente is a category or classification of light, so it follows luz. un hombre mexicano (a Mexican man) - Mexicano serves to classify un hombre, in this case by nationality. La blanca nieve estaba por todas partes. (The white snow was everywhere.) - Blanca (white) reinforces the meaning of nieve (snow) and could also impart an emotional effect. Es ladrà ³n condenado. (He is a convicted thief.) - Condenado (convicted) distinguishes the ladrà ³n (thief) from others and is an objective quality.  ¡Condenada computadora! (Blasted computer!) - Condenada is used for emotional effect, making it emphatically subjective. For this reason, most vulgar adjectives of disparagement precede the nouns they describe. To see how word order could make a difference, examine the following two sentences: Me gusta tener un cà ©sped verde. (I like having a green lawn.) Me gusta tener un verde cà ©sped. (I like having a green lawn.) The difference between these two sentences is subtle and not readily translated. Depending on the context, the first might be translated as I like having a green lawn (as opposed to a brown one), while the second might be translated as I like having a green lawn (as opposed to not having a lawn) or I like having a beautiful lawn. In the first sentence, the placement of verde (green) after cà ©sped (lawn) indicates a classification. In the second sentence verde, by being placed first, reinforces the meaning of cà ©sped and indicates some aesthetic appreciation. The effects of word order indicate why some adjectives are translated into English differently depending on their location. For example, un amigo viejo usually is translated as a friend who is old, while un viejo amigo is usually translated as a longtime friend, indicating some emotional appreciation. Similarly, un hombre grande is usually translated as a big man, while un gran hombre is a great man, indicating a subjective quality rather than an objective one. (Grande, when it precedes a singular noun, is shorted to gran.) As you continue your studies, you will come across about another dozen adjectives that are similar. Final note: If an adjective is modified by an adverb, it follows the noun. Compro un coche muy caro.  (I am buying a very expensive car.)

Free sample - The Role of CIOs in Innovation. translation missing

The Role of CIOs in Innovation. The Role of CIOs in InnovationIntroduction The article â€Å"The Internet of Things: How CIOs Can Influence the Next Wave of Product Innovation† is a current article on technological issues in a company and it explains how technological advancement in internet is geared to revolutionize human life in a great deal and the role of CIOs in encouraging innovation through the use of internet and other form of communication. This article comprehensively analyzes technological development and innovation which CIO is putting forward to not only improve human life but also improve profitability in doing business. According to Nash, (2010,p.1), â€Å"By combining the capabilities of the Web, cloud computing, analytics and tiny intelligent sensors, CIOs can help create wholly new products and services connected to networks and to each other† The article stresses the role of CIOs are strategic and critical in driving technological innovation to the next level. This is because there role is much more of marking and data coll ection which are letter transformed into product innovation. CIOs role goes beyond keeping the light of IT on in accompany since it encompasses marketing role as well as research Nash, (2010,p.2). This paper takes a critical and a comprehensive analysis of the role of CIOs in influencing innovation in a company. In addition the paper examines the role of IT and internet in the process of globalization and business opportunities How CIOs can influence innovation Ø   Making new friends Networking is one the best way of making and keeping friend and since human being learn from each other, it is through this that CIOs get new concepts and can influence innovation. Interaction and meeting new friend present an opportunity of getting new ideas, technologies as which when adopted bring meaningful change in a company. Ø   Jumping right in the business CIOs should be out going individuals who initiate conversations and should never wait to be asked for such communication which can lead to innovations. This strategy is quite important since it saves time and provides faster adoption of new technologies in the market. Ø   Shaking the pillars It is the responsibility of CIOs to be ready for change at all times since this will actually improve on the need for innovation in a company. How to achieve innovation in IT Ø   Delay the RFP The innovation goal should be the core and integral factors in outsourcing for innovation and therefore RFP should be delayed for this goal to be achieved. Ø   Clearly define innovation According to Nash, (2010), â€Å"True innovation might mean continuous process improvement, emerging technology implementation, new best practices, IT transformation or competitive advantage. A clear definition of innovation is required so that the contract will reflect the appropriate financial and other terms associated with it†. In this regard, CIOs should carefully involve all the stakeholders and departmental team in defining the kind of innovation they require. Ø   Use outsourcers as consultants   This strategy will provide a great opportunity for the IT providers to improve their services which in turn lead to innovation in the field. Ø   Lock everyone in a room to brain storm Putting everyone in a room to brain storm on the best way to improve a given IT service provide all stakeholders with opportunity to think and come up with new concepts which in most cases result in innovations. Ø   Motivate the team in IT department Motivation is a powerful incentive to innovation and therefore CIOs should all the time work hard towards designing a motivational package to all the team he or she works with so as to keep innovation process on and active. Marketing concept which strive to build a company a round a profitable satisfaction of customer needs and demands is the most critical key which has helped many companies and different brands to develop in parts of the world. However, the success of these companies and brands is on the other hand pegged on well designed marketing strategies which not only ensures a high rate of product penetration but also ensure that the products compete highly in the market and the role of CIOs in this task is inevitable. Multi-channel retailing which can be improved by CIOs through several strategies   has been defined as the opportunity presented to the same customer to obtain the same product from the same retailer by multiple purchase channels According to Nicholson, Clarke and Blakemore (2002,p.45), this multi-channel marketing strategy attempts to foster the customer’s behavior to be multi-channel. Those companies that obtain part of their sales from two different channels can be classified as having adopted the multi-channel approach as contrasted with the ones whose entire sales volume is generated from the pursuit of a single channel (Nicholson, Clarke and Blakemore, 2002, p. 12)   Many customers use multiple channels during the purchase process such as research, during the purchase process and while obtaining services (Stone, Hobbs and Khaleeli, 2002, p. 74). In this regard, it has been advanced that where organizations decides to adopt a multi-channel strategy in communication and marketing, then attention needs to focus on whether all the channels will be offering similar services or products range and whether they will have all the functional areas. Of paramount importance here is the need to define the role that the various channels are intended to function and the associated interactions, as this helps in the identification and facilitation of both the use and preferences emphasis for the targeted segments. Several advantages of multi-channel strategies in search of innovation have been presented in literature. According to Lawson, (2001, p. 31), channels have different advantages depending on the type of interaction with the various customers. This point has been buttressed by Souza and Serrentino (2002,p.87) states that customers look for different channels depending on the kinds of products, the moment of purchase and the prevailing motivation. The researchers have broadly categorized these behaviors within three domains of retail emotion where the experience of purchasing performs a fundamental role, retail reason in which case price is the overriding factor of the purchase and finally, retail convenience. According to Lawson (2001,p.94), â€Å"the critical factors for the accomplishment of a multi-channel strategy encompasses the complete integration of the brand, product position, inventory forecast, price, logistics and the expectations of the customers.† As Lawson (2001, p.12) points out, the adoption of IT in marketing and information collection from the clients brings positive results such as increases in sales volumes, costs reductions and increased levels of operations. Integrated channels in the opinions of Stone et.al (2002, p.49) also affects positively brand loyalty and customer’s life time values and this is possible with appropriate technological innovation.   Conclusion CIOs role is quite significant for a wave of innovation in companies in this era of technological advancement. This is only possible when they are well equipped and ready to implement strategies which are geared towards innovation. This will go along way in making the companies competitive as well as drive economic development in a country and globally. Information Technology plays a pivotal role in the success of a company and the economy at large. Towards this it is prudent for CIOs to improve embrace change which are geared towards innovation as impetus to scaling up economies of scale in accompany. Works cited Keller, K.L (1993). Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity.Journal of Marketing, 57, 1-22. Kotlar, P. (2003). Marketing insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know. John Wiley and Sons Kotler, P. and Amstrong, P, (2007). Principles of Marketing. John Wiley and Sons Lawson, K. (2001). Commercials That Name Competing Brands.   Journal of Advertising Nash, K.S. (2010).The Internet of Things: How CIOs Can Influence the Next Wave of Product Innovation. Access on 18th Nov.2010 from www.cio.com Nicholson, J. Clarke, G. and Blakemore, Y. (2002). Going to market: Distribution Performance: The Role of Brand Loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65: 81-89. Souza, M.G., and Serrentino, A. (2002). Will the growth of multi-channel retailing Stone, M., Hobbs, M and Khaleeli, M. (2002). Multi-channel customer management: the  Ã‚   benefits and challenges. Journal of database management, 10 (1), 39-45.Systems for Industrial Products. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Zeithaml, K. (2002). Brand Loyalty Programs: Are They Shams? Marketing Science,24(2): 185-19

Rod Rosenstein Biography

Rod Rosenstein Biography Rod Rosenstein (born Rod Jay Rosenstein on January 13, 1965) is an American attorney and former criminal prosecutor who investigated tax fraud and public corruption before being tapped by Republican President George W. Bush to serve in the Department of Justice as a U.S. attorney in Maryland. Rosenstein enjoyed support and respect from Republicans and Democrats alike and served as the second in command at the Department of Justice under Bushs two successors in the White House, Barack Obama and Donald J. Trump. Rosensteins political legacy, though, will very likely center on his controversial move to appoint Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III to investigate Russias attempts to influence the 2016 presidential election. Fast Facts: Rod Rosenstein Full Name: Rod Jay RosensteinKnown For: Deputy U.S. attorney general who appointed and oversaw special counsel Robert S. Mueller IIIs investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential electionBorn: Jan. 13, 1965, in Lower Moreland, near PhiladelphiaParents Names: Robert and Gerri RosensteinSpouses Name: Lisa BarsoomianChildrens Names: Julia and AllisonEducation: Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 1986 (B.S. in economics); Harvard Law School, 1989 (J.D.)Key Accomplishments: Winning respect from Republicans and Democrats alike in Washington as he became the longest-serving U.S. attorney in the country during the administration of President Donald Trump Early Years Rod Rosenstein was born and raised in Lower Moreland, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, where his father operated a small business and his mother served on a local school board. It was there, he said at his confirmation hearing before the U.S. Senate, that he learned straightforward values. Work hard. Play by the rules. Question assumptions, but treat everyone with respect. Read widely, write coherently and speak thoughtfully. Expect nothing, and be grateful for everything. Remain gracious in times of defeat, and humble in moments of victory. And try to leave things better than you found them. Rosenstein attended public schools and graduated from Lower Moreland High School in 1982. He then entered the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied public policy, management, and economics. His interest in government led him to Harvard Law School after graduation. Rosenstein served as an intern for the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Massachusetts, a position that had a lasting impact on his career as a public servant. Career in Law Rosensteins long career as a government attorney began in 1990, when he first joined the Department of Justice as a trial attorney with the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division. From there, he launched into decades of prosecuting drug dealers, white-collar criminals and public corruption. As the U.S. attorney for Maryland, Rosenstein pressed for longer sentences for felons and battled inner-city gangs. Among Rosensteins most high-profile cases were prosecutions of: Baltimores elite Gun Trace Task Force, whose mission was to get guns off the streets and violent criminals behind bars; eight of its nine members were alleged in 2017 to have abused their power by shaking city residents down for cash, drugs and jewelry. Some members of the squad confessed to robbing residents, planting drugs on innocent people and reselling the substances to others.A Baltimore man who shot and killed a 3-year-old toddler who was playing on her front porch in Baltimore in 2014; the case remained unsolved for about three years when Rosenstein in 2017 accused a 28-year-old gang member of firing the gun at a member of a rival faction. These cases do not solve themselves. They get solved because of extraordinary work by honorable, decent, diligent law enforcement officers, Rosenstein said at the time.Dozens of people in prison-corruption scandals at the Eastern Correctional Institution in Westover; employees there were accused of smuggling drugs, cigarettes, cellphones an d pornographic movies into the facility and selling them. Rosenstein also: Recommended the firing of FBI Director James Comey over his handling of the investigation into Democrat Hillary Clintons email servers.Appointed Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III to investigate Russias attempts to influence the 2016 presidential election after Attorney General Jeff Sessions recused himself from the case. Legal observers describe him as a tough, law-and-order prosecutor who is also fair-minded and nonpartisan. Heres a look at the various positions Rosenstein held prior to his time as deputy to Attorney General Sessions. 1993-94: Counsel to the deputy attorney general;1994-95: Special assistant to the Criminal Division’s assistant attorney general;1995-97: Associate independent counsel under Ken Starr, whose office investigated Bill and Hillary Clintons business and real-estate dealings in Arkansas.1997-2001: Assistant U.S. Attorney in Maryland.2001-05: Principal deputy assistant attorney general for the Tax Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, supervising criminal sections and coordinating tax enforcement activities of the Tax Division, the U.S. Attorney’s Offices and the Internal Revenue Service.2005-17: U.S. Attorney in Maryland, overseeing federal criminal and civil litigation.2017-Current: Deputy U.S. attorney general following President Donald J. Trumps nomination on Jan. 31, 2017, and Senate confirmation on April 25, 2017. Personal Life Rosenstein and his wife, Lisa Barsoomian, live in Maryland and have two children, Allison Liza and Julia Paige. Barsoomian worked as a government prosecutor and, later, as a lawyer for the National Institutes of Health. Important Quotes It is important to separate the role of politics in setting priorities and the decision to prosecute cases. And in the Justice Department that is what we do on a daily basis, that is how are trained. - Speaking to an ABC affiliate about his role as deputy attorney general.â€Å"The oath of office is an obligation. It requires me to support and defend the Constitution of the United States; to bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution; and to well and faithfully discharge the duties of my office. I have taken that oath several times, and I have administered it many times. I know it by heart. I understand what it means, and I intend to follow it.† - Speaking at his confirmation hearing in 2017. Role in Trump Russia Investigation Rosenstein was a relatively unknown political figure outside of Maryland, even after being tapped as deputy attorney general and assuming oversight of Muellers investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 elections. Rosenstein drew Trumps ire after appointing the special counsel, but threw his career into jeopardy by suggesting to colleagues he secretly record Trump in the White House to expose the chaos consuming the administration. Rosenstein also was said to have discussed recruiting cabinet members to invoke the 25th Amendment, which allows for the forceful removal of a president outside of the constitutional impeachment process.  Rosenstein denied the reports. While Rosenstein held onto his job after that controversy, Trump passed him over for a promotion in late 2018 when Session was fired as attorney general. Rosenstein had been the heir apparent to the position because of the terms of the federal Attorney General Succession Act, which gives the deputy attorney general authority when the top position becomes vacant. Sources Davis, Julie Hirschfeld, and Rebecca R. Ruiz. â€Å"Caught in White House Chaos, Justice Dept. Official Seeks Neutral Ground.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 22 May 2017.â€Å"Meet the Deputy Attorney General.† The United States Department of Justice, 21 June 2017.â€Å"U.S. Attorney in Baltimore Is Trumps Pick to Be Deputy Attorney General.† The Washington Post, WP Company, 14 Jan. 2017.Vignarajah, Thiru. â€Å"A Look at the Past Work of the Deputy AG Who Called for Comeys Firing.† Vox, Vox, 10 May 2017.

What is the optimal dosage of vitamin D supplementation necessary for Research Paper - 1

What is the optimal dosage of vitamin D supplementation necessary for pregnant women - Research Paper Example For instance, a woman that has a low vitamin D status will likely suffer from cardiovascular diseases, certain forms of cancer, diabetes, depression, and cognitive decline, among others. Vitamin D is naturally obtained in certain foods and added to others in order to make it a dietary supplement. Alternatively, vitamin D is optimally acquired when one exposes their skin to the ultraviolet sunlight rays that strike the skin and triggers the synthesis of the vitamin. To pregnant mothers, this vitamin is quite essential, not only for their distinct wellbeing, but also for the well-being of their unborn babies. This is because of the numerous benefits that are to be achieved from the consumption of the vitamin D such as the maintenance of the adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations in the body. This is to allow for the attainment of a normal mineralization of the bones, and prevention of conditions such as hypocalcaemia among the pregnant women (Perampalam, Ganda, Chow, Opie, Hickman, Shadbolt & Nolan, 2011). The deficiency of this Vitamin D in the body system of a pregnant woman can have serious implications to their health and that of the unborn baby. For instance, according to a study by the US National Institute of Health, the presence of sufficient vitamin D in the body of a pregnant woman would enhance the growth of her bones, and remodel her osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Without a sufficiency in the supply of the vitamin to the body, the bones of the pregnant woman may become brittle, thin and misshapen. To the fetus, the deficiency in the supply of vitamin D into their bodies may result in them acquiring disease conditions such as rickets upon being born, while the mother may suffer from conditions such as osteomalacia (bone pain). Vitamin D presence in the body of the pregnant woman also performs several other functions such as the modulation of the growth of body cells, treatment of weak bones (osteoporosis), and bone loss in

Immigrants and Health Care Access in the United States Essay

Immigrants and Health Care Access in the United States - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  the successive waves of immigration into the country has kept the country demographically young and enriched with a variety of cultures. Consequently, there have been an improved productive capacity throughout the country and this has helped shape the influence and position of the United States in the world. Immigration has always given the United States an economic edge in the global economy. Immigrants have brought the entrepreneurial spirit and innovative ideas into the economy of United States. Through immigrants, the demand for goods and service has increased. It is immigrants who have developed new innovative products such as Java computer language, a programming language that have created a lot of employment for millions of Americans.  This discussion highlights that  the American immigration laws are very complex laws, and for one to become an American citizen there is a long way to go. The immigration policies provide several legal dis tinctions between different types of immigrants, such as naturalized citizens, undocumented immigrants, and noncitizens. Naturalized American citizens are individuals born in foreign countries but have become citizens of the United States lawfully and can enjoy all the rights enjoyed by American born citizens. The non citizens on their parts involve the individuals born in foreign countries but live in the United States lawfully but have not obtained American citizenship. They include the legal immigrants, refugees, asylums, and refugees.

Color blindness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Color blindness - Essay Example Color blindness is usually caused by genetic problem where men are more prone to this condition. There are many test developed to distinguish those color blind (Turnbull, 2011). One of the ways to test if the person is color blind is to let the person read or recognize a message consisted of dots with colors (Turnbull, 2011). According to studies, there is no cure for this type of condition. This is one thing that is very disheartening to those affected by color blindness. But the case of Virgil who suffered virtual blindness since his early childhood was a story of hope for those who are color blind. Ever since he was young, he had thick cataracts and a speculated retinitis pigmentosa. Nearing to his wedding day, Dr. Hamlin gave the 50 year old Virgil a new hope to see. When his medical history was by reviewed Dr. Hamlin, it was discovered that there was no problem with his retina since he can still see light and dark. It was only his cataracts that were said to have been destructed and the only cure was the simple cataract extraction procedure. Since there was just little surgical risk, Virgil agreed to undergo the procedure. Miraculously, after the surgery, Virgil was able to see and eventually, his vision was restored. The experience of getting the sense of sight back was not as easy as Virgil and his family expected. It was much difficult than a child getting his sight because in Virgil’s case, he was already fed with a lot of information thus there was a radical change in his neurological functioning. Virgil faced a terrible experience when he got his sight back. However, this will just be a temporary situation because after he will be able to grasp and adjust, he will be seeing like the visually gifted people. The gift of sight to Virgil was a miracle and the best gift he could ever receive for his wedding and his life. According to Kozlov (2011), it is

Frederick Douglass on the Failure of Religion Essay

Frederick Douglass on the Failure of Religion - Essay Example Douglass criticized the mishandling and squandering of our forefathers commitment to liberty as generations lavished in the memory of the revolution without bearing the burden of its responsibility. He praises the principles of freedom, liberty, and morality that our nation was built upon. Yet, he uses the opportunity to remind his audience that liberty was a concept that been abandoned by its religious leaders, and for those left in bondage it was not a day to celebrate freedom, but a day to recognize the difficult road that lie ahead of all America. Douglass framed his speech with the understanding that there were two Americas. The two Americas were split by the deep foundation of liberty and the oppressive nature of slavery. Recognizing that the two could not exist as one, Douglass remarks on the division when he talks of, â€Å"†¦a sad sense of the disparity between us. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary!†. Douglass lived in his America, where the Fourth of July was not a day of celebration, but a day to remember and honor those that were left behind in shackles. One of Douglass's main targets in his eloquent speech was religion and its failure to address the slavery issue. Douglass does not argue the merits and evils of slavery, but rather takes the stand that there can be no valid argument for slavery. He logically contends, "There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is wrong for him". Slavery was a horrifying nightmare and Douglass's description shows it for the injustice it was. He makes no attempt to persuade the audience of its wrongs, but rather uses the opportunity to denounce the American religious community and their religious leaders for their engagement in slavery as well as their neglect of the issue. This was the greatest hypocrisy and the greatest threat to the liberty of all men that Douglass took aim at. His well founded, fiery words chastised religious leaders for wasting the religious freedom the nation had gained by turning their backs on the very tenets that Christianity was built on . The implications of the Compromise of 1850 were fresh on the mind of Douglass as he spoke of the legalized hunting of man that was known as the Fugitive Slave Law. He bemoaned the rewards that judges would reap by the successful consignment and return of fugitive slaves and decried the taking of men away from their wives and families to be ripped away and returned to a life of indentured misery. The Compromise had been a deal with the devil as the North sought to placate Southern discontent by condoning their excesses into the practice of slavery. Douglass drew a picture that portrayed America as the most immoral nation on earth and its abuses in excess of all others in the world. America's flawed reasoning of welcoming fugitives from all around the world and casting great honor on them as courageous men stood in sharp contrast to the treatment of the fugitives from American oppression that were are hunted down like common animals kidnapped, tortured, and murdered. He places the Fugitive Slave Law in its rightful historical perspective as he denounces it as being "In glaring violation of justice [] this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation". Douglass's viewpoint was that never had mankind been so terrible and never had the church been so blinded by sin. Religion's failure to tackle and oppose slavery, and the Fugitive Slave Law, was seen by him to be the greatest blasphemy ever put forth. Douglass pleads with the audience to denounce slavery and rebuke the slave holders,

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUESTION Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUESTION - Article Example Findings: African American women had blurred ideas on their understanding of their condition and strategies to employ in managing it. There were also considerable factors that promoted or hindered their commitment to treatment. Implications: The study supports need for education on what hypertension is, managing hypertension and medication side effects, early screening for depression in hypertensive African Americans, developing cultural sensitive education material and formation of support groups. This paper is aimed to determine the ways through which African American women with high blood pressure understand their condition. This paper also finds out the strategies used by the women in managing hypertension through qualitative analysis. Hypertension is the leading cause of coronary heart disease and stroke in African American women. Compared to other groups, African American women have an earlier onset, a higher prevalence, more rapid progression of hypertensive end organ disease as well as mortality related to hypertension. Qualitative analysis should be intensive and non-biased. Qualitative research gives an in depth understanding of how African American women deal with their condition. Collection of qualitative data was done by interviews on a focus group of hypertensive African American women who were undergoing treatment for the disease from an ambulatory inner city free clinic in West Los Angeles. Twenty hypertensive women, aged 35 years and older, participated in the five focus group interviews. Attendance ranged from one to eight from the ten to twelve people that were invited. The study was approved by the University of California, Los Angeles Institutional Review Board. A flyer posted in appropriate areas of the clinic and neighboring areas was used to advertise the study. After sampling, participants were selected for the focus group. The sample collection procedures were clearly defined since the participants

Frederick Douglass on the Failure of Religion Essay

Frederick Douglass on the Failure of Religion - Essay Example Douglass criticized the mishandling and squandering of our forefathers commitment to liberty as generations lavished in the memory of the revolution without bearing the burden of its responsibility. He praises the principles of freedom, liberty, and morality that our nation was built upon. Yet, he uses the opportunity to remind his audience that liberty was a concept that been abandoned by its religious leaders, and for those left in bondage it was not a day to celebrate freedom, but a day to recognize the difficult road that lie ahead of all America. Douglass framed his speech with the understanding that there were two Americas. The two Americas were split by the deep foundation of liberty and the oppressive nature of slavery. Recognizing that the two could not exist as one, Douglass remarks on the division when he talks of, â€Å"†¦a sad sense of the disparity between us. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary!†. Douglass lived in his America, where the Fourth of July was not a day of celebration, but a day to remember and honor those that were left behind in shackles. One of Douglass's main targets in his eloquent speech was religion and its failure to address the slavery issue. Douglass does not argue the merits and evils of slavery, but rather takes the stand that there can be no valid argument for slavery. He logically contends, "There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is wrong for him". Slavery was a horrifying nightmare and Douglass's description shows it for the injustice it was. He makes no attempt to persuade the audience of its wrongs, but rather uses the opportunity to denounce the American religious community and their religious leaders for their engagement in slavery as well as their neglect of the issue. This was the greatest hypocrisy and the greatest threat to the liberty of all men that Douglass took aim at. His well founded, fiery words chastised religious leaders for wasting the religious freedom the nation had gained by turning their backs on the very tenets that Christianity was built on . The implications of the Compromise of 1850 were fresh on the mind of Douglass as he spoke of the legalized hunting of man that was known as the Fugitive Slave Law. He bemoaned the rewards that judges would reap by the successful consignment and return of fugitive slaves and decried the taking of men away from their wives and families to be ripped away and returned to a life of indentured misery. The Compromise had been a deal with the devil as the North sought to placate Southern discontent by condoning their excesses into the practice of slavery. Douglass drew a picture that portrayed America as the most immoral nation on earth and its abuses in excess of all others in the world. America's flawed reasoning of welcoming fugitives from all around the world and casting great honor on them as courageous men stood in sharp contrast to the treatment of the fugitives from American oppression that were are hunted down like common animals kidnapped, tortured, and murdered. He places the Fugitive Slave Law in its rightful historical perspective as he denounces it as being "In glaring violation of justice [] this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation". Douglass's viewpoint was that never had mankind been so terrible and never had the church been so blinded by sin. Religion's failure to tackle and oppose slavery, and the Fugitive Slave Law, was seen by him to be the greatest blasphemy ever put forth. Douglass pleads with the audience to denounce slavery and rebuke the slave holders,

Critical review; Quantitative studies Research Paper

Critical review; Quantitative studies - Research Paper Example The basic idea behind this EBP is, healthcare organizations or healthcare practitioners including AHPs while carrying out their tasks will pick the best possible evidences that are ‘available’, or even the best applicable information obtainable, so that they can carry out their tasks in an effective manner, and also take competent decisions. â€Å"Evidence based practice is an approach to decision making, during which medical practitioners uses the best evidences available, particularly in consultation with the patient, to decide upon the option or approach which suits that patient best.† (Armstrong and Gray, 2009, pg. 20). This utilization of EBP among the AHPs is the subject of discussion in the article, The Adoption and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) among Allied Health Professions written by Penney Upton, Laura Scurlock-Evans, Danielle Stephens and Dominic Upton. Thus, this article will be critically reviewed here focusing on the various aspec ts of article, including its purpose, its literature review, methodology, sampling process, data collection process, study’s results finally ending with clinical implications. The authors of the article Upton, Scurlock-Evans, Stephens and Upton lay out the purpose of the study at the outset itself, which is â€Å"to assess and characterise adoption of EBP within AHP’s clinical practice.† (Upton et al. 2012). They expand on the purpose of the study by basically defining EBP, and by explaining about the target group of the study. According to the authors, EBP is an important and widely accepted practice in healthcare settings to ensure that health care professionals particularly AHP are provided information about the recent evidences and also the researches relating to their clinical practice. To study about EBP adoption among AHPs, the authors focused on AHPs working in NHS Scotland. The authors particularly focused on the newly qualified AHPs,

Personal Definition and Understanding of Mythology and its Influences Essay Example for Free

Personal Definition and Understanding of Mythology and its Influences Essay Heaven, hell, angels, devils, gods, goddesses, monsters, and immortal heroes— as I was growing up as a child, these were the things which have been said to me about places, supreme beings, and creatures the existence of which I was not able to prove up to this moment. Over the years of growing up, I have come across lots of stories which both seemed believable but unverifiable to me. Thus, I can only conclude that these things, stories, and people are what are known today as myths. These things should be told to me to make me believe that supreme powers exist. Supreme powers, aside from the ultimate God whom my religion has taught me, govern and guide people to do good acts and avoid evil. Eventually, these things roused my curiosity. As I try to discover these unverifiable creatures, places, and supreme beings, I was able to understand myth and mythology. Mythology, in the literal sense, pertains to a collection of revered stories about a person, a group of persons, a culture, or humankind as a whole (Emery, 2008). Thus, through this definition, my own conception of myth and mythology matches as I see these stories as tales and epics that are made to provide people sacred role models to urge them to do such good acts based on the actions and experiences of these mythological beings. In this sense, mythological places and powers were told to influence the belief and ideology of individuals that humankind can be punished and rewarded according to their acts of either righteousness or evil. Also, mythological stories are also studied to somehow give a specific group of people an idea and grasp of their identity, the origin of their world, the rites and rituals in their culture, the basic point of view about life, and the concepts of death and after death (Kohler, 2008). When myths and mythologies are mentioned, the society that first enters my mind is that of the Greeks. Greek mythology has been the everlasting source of mythical gods and goddesses, epic wars of mortal and immortal heroes, stories of salvation, immortalization, condemnation to the underworld, and even the sacred stories of love and romance. These stories have been exposed to most of us in our primary and secondary educations, but these stories have existed and have remained immortal as its characters. These stories have existed since the immemorial history of the Greek race and society. I also find Greek mythology as one of the greatest mythologies that tells the story of humankind, as it reflects real-life acts, consequences, and tendencies. The aspect of gods talking and communicating to people may seem unrealistic, but if this aspect would be deeply examined, it could be inferred that Greek mythology gives people that idea in illusive form that communicating with God is never a hard or impossible task. Its characters also go through what usual people experience. As a result, even modern people can easily relate to and reflect on its stories. Personally, I believe that mythology, Greek mythology specifically, has had significant impacts in my beliefs and how I view life. I may be practicing one specific religion, but the stories I was able to learn in Greek mythology have affected me in such a way that I believed that all the good things people do in their lifetime have an equivalent reward (or penalty). The mythology’s concept of a grand place for people who have been fair and righteous in their lives have been guiding my beliefs all these years—that there might indeed be a special place for people who chose to do good and fair acts in their lives. These stories and tales from the mythologies of not just the Greeks but all the other ancient and even current societies may not all seem verifiable or credible for us contemporary individuals to believe. However, there appears neither harm nor threat in allowing these myths, mythological characters, and mythological epics to guide us in how we view life and what it offers us. As how I understand mythology, it is but a collection of lifetime stories that are bound to show people how to deal with life in the most positive way possible.

Canadian Provincial Political Cultures

Canadian Provincial Political Cultures Canadian political culture is multi-layered and diverse. Three great countries have influenced the development of this culture The United States, The Great Britain and France. Thus, when it comes to Canada, it can not be studied in isolation from the rest of North America and Europe. Even though the expansion of North America was just a phase in extending the political and cultural dominance of the European superpowers, nonetheless, it helped to establish a course of economic change in Canada. During the last two hundred years, Canadian political culture has been shaped by five distinct waves of immigration all of which have left their own economic and cultural marks on the entire country (Easterbrook and Aitken, 1988: 3). The formation of Canada economically, culturally and politically is best described by Louise Hartzs â€Å"fragment theory† who argues that colonial societies, those like Canada, originated as fragments of larger European societies and that those societies remained marked during their history by the conditions of their origins. The word â€Å"fragment† implies that those new societies would not be the complete replicas of their parent ones but they would rather consist of the parts of those parent societies represented by those who decided to emigrate (Bellamy, Pammett, Rowat, 1976: 68). Further, the discovery of strategic natural resources in Canada like oil, gas, gold and others, created a dependency theory which is truly unique to the country staples theory of economic growth. Harold Innis, the originator of the theory, argued that the development of Canada consisted of the series of dependencies upon the natural recourses fur, fish, timber, minerals and others, al l of which, in turn, have dominated the economy of the country and were the primary export products at a time (Marchak, 1983: 21). The Maritimes The societies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island vary in the rates of development significantly. This region could be considered as the most traditional and conservative in Canadian political culture as a whole. The Maritimes are a rare example of how customs, traditions and beliefs are favoured over innovation and change. After the formation of responsible government in the 19th century, there were only marginal changes in practices and procedures of politics (Bellamy, Pammett, Rowat, 1976: 10-11). First settlers were immigrants who came directly from Britain Yorkshire, Ireland and Highland Scotland. The prize of relocating was worthy of a risk, the Maritimes offered something that Europe, settled and overpopulated, could not free land. Politically, Maritimes resembled their American neighbours rather than those back in Britain as the entire region remained under the firm sphere of influence of the New England. Despite that fact, Tory ideology in the region was strong before and after the American Revolution up until the third wave of immigration, when it was influenced greatly by the British liberals the same wave that brought Sir John A. Macdonald to Canada. Civil War in the United States had forced the Maritimes to re-think the idea of Confederation as it offered security and economic stability (Dunn, 2006: 17-18). Nova Scotia is the most advanced of all Atlantic provinces in respect to social, economic and political development. Halifax, Nova Scotias largest urban centre, has a higher rate of industrialization than other areas in the region. When it comes to staffing the bureaucracy there is less usage of patronage and the decisions are made solely on the principle of merit (Bellamy, Pammett, Rowat, 1976: 11). Religion comes as an integral part of the Maritimes political culture. There are four political parties in the PEI Conservative, Liberal, Catholic and Protestant. For years, it has been considered to be a tough task to predict which party would take the upper hand during the elections. One thing was for certain though fixed numbers of Catholics and Protestants would be elected every time regardless of which party would win the election (Dunn, 2006: 18-19). The Maritimes political culture is partially frozen in the 19th century. Today, just like two centuries ago, the government is considered as a negative force in the economy and society something that is not to be trusted. To confirm this, professor S.D. Clark has noted that â€Å"the fisherman of Nova Scotia were simple folk who had little understanding of the complexities of the economic, political and social world around them. Their problems seemed simple enough, made difficult only by the interferences of the government far removed and beyond their reach.† (Bellamy, Pammett, Rowat, 1976: 16). Newfoundland Newfoundland is a province that stands out from all the others. The province suffers from the old scars in its history and competing visions from the previous governments and up until today it tries to find a balance between integration and self-reliance. Rejecting the Confederation at first in 1867, which was a popular decision as home rule was favoured over industrial capitalism, the province accepted it in 1949 (Tomblin, 1995: 67-68). Escaping the bankruptcy in the 1930s, Newfoundland asked for a direct British rule by surrendering its self-governing dominion status gained previously by the Statute of Westminster. Unlike Canada, Newfoundland found itself automatically involved in World War II alongside Britain (Dunn, 2006: 16). Post war era, however, brought political change not only to Europe but to Canada as well. Weakened by the war, Britain was in decline and could no longer support Newfoundland financially, as Valerie Summers noted â€Å"In the post-World War II period of p olitical adjustments and British dollar shortages, the interests of the British government in eliminating the cost of maintenance of Newfoundlands administration led to Newfoundlands movement out of the British domain into Canadian jurisdiction† (Tomblin, 1995: 68). Newfoundland is quite distinct from the other provinces in its economic, social and cultural development. Being isolated from Canada and the rest of North America for many years it was greatly influenced in its traditions by the United Kingdom. Newfoundlanders were oriented toward the non-materialistic values of West Country England and Ireland their parent communities (Bellamy, Pammett, Rowat, 1976: 3-4). For centuries Newfoundlands economy was centered on cod fishing. The provinces population was mostly rural composed of enclaves which were called outports. The majority of outporters lived in a semi-feudal relationship with the fish merchants called the â€Å"truck† system. To put it in a few words, the â€Å"truck† system was a barter system of economic relationship, which has eliminated the concept of money from the outports completely. Since the confederation, the government began the program that encouraged vacation of the outports and moving their inhabitants to bigger cities (Ibid. p.4). Another distinct feature of Newfoundland is its extreme nationalism and cultural duality. While Irish Catholic immigrants flocked to St. Johns and Avalon Peninsula, the English Protestants preferred north of the island and the outports (Dunn, 2006: 15). This has created one of the most serious cleavages in the province split between the Irish and the English population. Newfoundland could be considered as â€Å"rurally fundamental† and only partially secularized society where religion still plays an important role in day-to-day activities. It remains more â€Å"British† than any other province in Canada (Bellamy, Pammett, Rowat, 1976: 7-8). Quebec The settlements in Canadas New France were emerging slowly in the early days of colonization; however, immigrants began to move in higher numbers once the fur trade became one of the most important staples in the region. After the treaty of Utrecht, all French North American lands were transferred under the control of the British. French-speaking population resented such a change thinking that it would threaten their ways of life, their culture and language (Croats, 2002: 18-19). Losing its North American lands, France remained far away in Europe, preoccupied with wars and matters in its remaining colonies Quebec appeared to be cut off from its parent country. The Catholic Church has served as a guardian of Quebecs values at that time and the Catholic clergy were seen as a New Frances societal leaders. Even though the British were officially in charge they guaranteed the continuation of Quebecs culture and traditions in return for loyalty to the Crown (Dunn, 2006: 20). This partnership lasted for many generations up until 1960s, when the rise of unprecedented nationalism in Quebec resulted due to collision of English liberal ideas and conservative views of the French. With receding conservatism and rising liberal ideas in Quebec in 1960s, the province began its quest for national self-determination in a spark of worldwide decolonization. Fair to say, it was rather a chain reaction to events that were happening in a number of former French colonies at a time, particularly in Africa (Ibid. p. 22). The passing of Bill 101 in 1977 by the Quebecs National Assembly has been seen as a sign of relief to the French; The Bill was the first solid document to ensure the permanence of their culture and language. The authors of the Bill sought to make French dominant in the province and to reverse the demographic trends which seemed to be working against them. Such a drastic change has affected the English-speaking population of Quebec negatively; even though there has been much resistance to the new laws by public services, mass media and labour movements the institutional discrimination in Quebec is still present at large (Clift and McLeod Arnopoulos, 1984: 186, 201-2). Quebecs conservatism, liberalism and radicalism have been shaped by its unique nationalist context which, in a way, explains why its links with its English-Canadian counterparts has always been weak and unstable. Culturally descending from the New France, Quebec is simply ideologically different than any other province in Canada (Dunn, 2006: 23). The presence of cultural pluralism is painful for both English and French Canadians in the province, which is exactly why the French community is not likely to take any fundamental steps which would worsen the situation even further (Clift and McLeod Arnopoulos, 1984: 201). Ontario Ontario differs from the other provinces in two major ways. First of all, with the population of almost twelve million people no other province comes close to it in terms of number of residents, diversity and size of its economy, accumulated wealth, its financial, corporate and media power concentrated in provinces large urban centres. Secondly, there are also significant differences in political culture due to Ontarios historical experiences, its economic interests, and evolution of its cultural, social and political institutions (White, 1997: 49). Political culture of such an old and multilayered society as Ontario is far from being a uniform construct. When small Ontario [rural] communities are taken as an example, it is hard to find an ‘Old Ontarian political pattern in perfect coexistence with others more of recent origin due to result of suburbanization, economic change and media influence. There are also distinct regional differences, most strikingly in Northern Ontario, and countless fissures of group rivalries and conflicting economic interests (Ibid, p.51). Ontarios founders were American counter-revolutionists, conservative liberals and Crown loyalists the supporters of strong executive government. Rejecting extreme liberalism, popular in the United States, refusing to separate religion and the state [as it was done in the US], Ontarios fathers wanted a province that would not resemble their southern neighbour in any way. Interestingly enough, it was in fact American liberalism that influenced Ontarios political culture greater than others. Provinces policymaking officials have followed the examples of their American counterparts whether it was concerning education or structure of the government (Dunn, 2006: 22). Ontario, situated intimately close to Quebec, has been more sympathetic to its ambitions than any province located to the West; furthermore, along with Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland, Ontarios legislature recognized Quebecs ‘distinct character in the resolution passed on the day of Quebecs referendum of 1995. Unlike Eastern, Western legislatures were not as eager to continue this trend (White, 1997: 437). . Surprisingly, Ontarians, so diverse and fractioned, have always had a clear appreciation of their common interests and highly developed ability for social cohesion; undeniably complex, Ontarios political culture has been consistently sustained for over two hundred years (Ibid. p.51). The Prairies Just over a century ago the prairies were archaic with little trace of habitation (Francis and Palmer, 1992: 27). It was not until the 1890s when the prairie west realized that capitalism, individualism and private property were the part of the environment, like the river valleys and the plains (Friesen, 1987: 242). With millions of square kilometres of land and millions of inhabitants the west represented enormous economic and political interest to ‘Old Canada. It was planned to create a ‘new investment frontier and all hopes lied on the pioneer-farmer who would relocate to the West and initiate an economic take off. To encourage settlement Canadian government promised to build a transcontinental railway system to unite Canada form coast to coast (Ibid. p.162). Manitoba, the most sensitive to Quebec of all prairies, entered Confederation as a bicultural and bilingual province. Ontario has been the most influential of eastern provinces to affect Manitobas policymaking. Urban socialism and agrarian liberalism outweighed toryism on the new frontier. However, due to the number of Ontarios settlers who moved into province, Manitobas toryism has been considered as on of the strongest in the west. The fourth immigrant wave brought in English labour-socialists and land-hungry Eastern Europeans who avoided the east and headed to relatively empty prairies (Dunn, 2006: 26-27). After the 1940s Manitoba was able to achieve a significant economic diversification. Provincial political life was stable up until 1969s elections when NDP was able to win popular support and overwhelm their Liberal rivals (Friesen, 1987: 219, 221). Saskatchewan is often depicted as a Western Canadian Britain. While majority of English immigrants passed Saskatchewan and headed for bigger cities, the provinces rural farm community grew rapidly it had more farmers than all other prairie provinces combined. These conservatively liberal Britons were mobilized enough to create a strong farmers union of the land Saskatchewans Farmers Union. Similarly to other prairie farmer movements, those of Manitoba and Alberta, it had one idea in mind, which was to create a socialist farm organization based on equity. However, when Farmer-Labour party emerged out of Saskatchewans ILP and united farmers the economic and thus political interest was shifted to cities rather than farms. Since that time socialist became steadily dependant on larger towns rather than rural communities. Two political parties have been competing for power in the recent decades, Saskatchewans social democrats and conservatives (Dunn, 2006: 28-29). Just like Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Alberta was a land of opportunity for new settlers. Since the 1940s Alberta has been considered as Canadas Cinderella. No other place has seen the growth more rapid, the accumulation of wealth so inevitable and the confidence so obvious. The discovery of oil in 1947 was a significant event as the province entered a new phase in its development. One of direct consequences of the oil boom was its impact on provinces population increase Alberta became the most populous in the prairie west (Friesen, 1987: 427). Alberta imitated the politics of the Great Plains state and tied itself closer to the US than any other prairie province. Due to a high volume of immigrants from the south in the early 1900s, there has been a higher number of American-born Albertans than those whose parents descended from Britain. American ideas have also dominated Albertas politics as more and more Americans settled in the provinces rural areas where radical liberalism have been espoused. Great Depression and discrepancies between prairies farmer unions led to the creation of Social Credit which was particularly strong in Alberta. This has further divided Saskatchewan and Alberta ideologically one was pro-socialist and another thought of a socialism as its enemy (Dunn, 2006: 30-31). British Columbia The completion of trans-Canada railway has been a paramount condition of British Columbias entrance into Confederation. It has been a major plan of the federal government to unite both east and west coasts by a key transportation route (Carty, 1996: 33). BCs resource-based economy was highly dependent on transportation and the opening of Panama Canal, in addition to Canadian Pacific railway, have significantly boosted provinces economy. Resembling Australia and its politics, BCs settlements inherited ideology of labour-socialism. The well organised political force was structured around major mining, lumbering and fishing industries of the remote one-industry towns. BCs agriculture has been quite fragmented, isolated and diverse, that is why the creation of United Farmers of BC as a political body has not been perceived seriously (Dunn, 2006: 31-32). Just like in Alberta, the CCF appeared in the 1930s depression years and quickly gained popular support. 1940s were characterized as continuation of cleavage between BCs working and privileged classes. Social Credit took control during the 1950s and like in Alberta was extremely anti-socialist (Ibid. p.32). British Columbia has always been seen as a ‘spoilt child of the Canadian Federation and its relations with the central government has always been called ‘touchy; as Norman Ruff observed in the early 1990s, â€Å"Ottawa-Victoria relations †¦ have long been characterized by misunderstanding and bemusement, by suspicion and anger and, worst of all, by periods of mutual indifference and detachment† (Carty, 1996: 32-33). Conclusion If to compare political culture to a number it would not be constant but rather a variable that changes over a period of time, keeping some attributes and gaining some new ones. Throughout its history, Canada remained uniquely united politically, despite fragmentation, severe regionalism and separatist threats. Canadians today do not think the way their predecessors thought a century ago, as their values and beliefs, though slowly, but changed over time. Canadians became less ‘British, more liberal [in terms of worldview], favouring individualism rather than collectivism, fighting for equality of rights, generally accepting multiculturalism and diversity (Brooks, 2008: 1, 5, 30-31). Works cited Bellamy, David J., Pammett, Jon H., Rowat, Donald Cameron. 1976.The Provincial political systems: comparative essays. Agincourt, Ontario: Methuen Publications Brooks, Stephen. 2008. Canadian Political Culture. Department of Political Science, University of Windsor, November 29, 2009 Carty, Kenneth R. 1996. Politics, policy, and government in British Columbia. Vancouver: UBC Press Clift, Dominique, McLeod Arnopoulos, Sheila. 1984. The English fact in Quebec. Canada: McGill-Queens University Press Croats, Rennay. 2002. Quebec. Calgary: Weigl Education Publishers Ltd., Dunn, Christopher. 2006. Provinces: Canadian Provincial Politics. 2nd ed. Toronto: Higher Education University of Toronto Press Easterbrook, William Thomas, Aitken, Hugh G. J. 1988. Canadian economic history. Toronto: University of Toronto Press Francis, R. Douglas, Palmer, Howard. 1992. The Prairie West: historical readings. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press Friesen, Gerald .1987. The Canadian prairies: a history. Toronto: University of Toronto Press Marchak, M. Patricia. 1983. Green gold: the forest industry in British Columbia. BC, Canada: University of British Columbia Tomblin, Stephen G. 1995. Ottawa and the outer provinces: the challenge of regional integration in Canada. Toronto: James Lorimer Co. Ltd., Publishers White, Graham.1997.The government and politics of Ontario. 5th ed.Toronto: University of Toronto Press

The Iphone Essay -- Apple Cellular Cell Phone

When the word iPhone appears in Apple press releases, the word revolutionary is rarely far behind. But what counts as revolutionary? In Apple's case, the bar is high. Since the 1970s, the firm has changed both the personal computer and music industries. Will the iPhone fundamentally alter the structure of the wireless world as well? Not yet. The iPhone's style and user interface are pathbreaking, and (as the iPod proved) aesthetics do matter. But the iPhone is—so far—not a product that will turn any industry inside out. Seen as a phone, the iPhone is striking. Seen as a small computer, it's limited, and compromised by the existing business models of the wireless industry. Saying the iPhone is a pointless gadget is a bit too strong. But it isn't yet a revolutionary device. It is in some ways astonishing that AT&T and Apple are partners at all. AT&T is the oldest of the old school—the most ancient major high-tech firm in the United States, founded in 1878. Unfazed by spending the last 23 years in suspended animation (after the great breakup of 1984), AT&T is back to its classic business model: own the largest networks and everything on them. Apple, meanwhile, is the original hippie computer company, a child of the 1970s, not the 1870s. At least in its origins, Apple is an ideological foe of IBM and AT&T. (Remember that 1984 ad?) Considering that these firms were born on the opposite sides of the tech Kulturkampf, the iPhone cannot help but be a little strange. Most obviously, the iPhone is locked, as is de rigueur in the wireless world. It will work only with one carrier, AT&T. Judged by the standards of a personal computer or electronics, that's odd: Imagine buying a Dell that worked only with Comcast Internet access or a ... ...ed in transforming industries. Once Big Brother's foe, it's now more like Little Brother, happy to sell cute little devices that are easy to use, make money, and spread false consciousness. If you're an optimist, the more intriguing possibility is that Apple's iPhone is a Trojan Horse. The iPhone is fatally attractive to AT&T, since it gives the firm a chance to steal tens of thousands of new customers from rivals like Verizon. But Apple may be betting that, once it has its customers, they'll be more loyal to Apple than AT&T. With its foothold in the wireless world, Apple may be planning to slowly but inexorably demand more room. If iPhone 2.0 is a 3G phone that works with any carrier and supports third-party apps, then industry power will begin to move away from the carrier oligopoly and toward Apple and other Silicon Valley firms. Now, that would be a revolution.

The Chlorine Debate: How White Do You Want It? Essay -- essays researc

The Chlorine Debate: How White Do You Want It? Chlorine is one of the world's most widely used chemicals, the building element vital to almost every United States industry. We use chlorine and chlorine-based products whenever we drink a glass of water, buy food wrapped in plastic, purchase produce in the supermarket, pour bleach into a washing machine, have a prescription filled, print out a computer document like this one, or even drive a car. (Abelson 94) Chlorine, a member of the halogen (salt-forming) group of metallic elements, was first made by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774, who treated hydrochloric acid with manganese dioxide. In 1810, the English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy determined that chlorine was a chemical element and named it from the Greek word meaning greenish-yellow. One hundred and eighty-five years later, chlorine compounds are ubiquitous components in the manufacturing of paper, plastics, insecticides, cleaning fluids, antifreeze, paints, medicines, and petroleum products. The unfortunate and unavoidable by-product of these manufacturing processes is dioxin, one of the most toxic substances on the planet earth. Dioxins are also produced whenever chlorine containing substances, such as PVC, are burned. Life as we know it will change, if a Greenpeace campaign is successful. The powerful environmental group has mounted a well-organized campaign that has as its objective nothing less than a total, worldwide ban on chlorine. With the public health and billions of dollars at stake, the debate over chlorine has become one of the world's most contentious and controversial issues. "Is a chlorine-free future possible?" asked Bonnie Rice, a spokesperson for Greenpeace's Chlorine Free Campaign. "Yes, it can be done without massive disruption of the economy and of society, if it is done in the right matter." (Gossen 94) The chlorine industry and its allies say a total ban on chlorine would be neither wise, possible, nor economically feasible. "We find the chlorine campaign outrageous in its scope and purpose," explained Leo Anziano, the Chairman of the Washington-based Chlorine Chemistry Council, and organization that lobbies on behalf of the chlorine industry. "We believe it's bas... ...ingly undecidable debate, the basis of the debate seems to be the solution. Banning or getting rid of chlorine, organochlorines, or most any other chemical can only cause more problems than they will solve unless a proven and effective alternative is developed to take the place of that chemical. Most everyday things would have to drastically be altered to make suit for a complete chlorine ban, and that would take a great deal of time, effort, and money to do. If a ban on chlorine was implemented, who would be responsible for the cost and maintenance of switching the equipment: the consumer, the producer, Greenpeace and other environmental watch organizations, or the government? The brunt of the cost would most likely fall into the hands of the consumers, which would kill most middle and lower-class families. Chlorine is a building block of most of our everyday conveniences and a major player in most chemical compounds. Until a sturdy and cost-effective alternative is made, most of the everyday consumers will still have to go on using the same chlorine and organochlorine-based products that they have used for years before.

Bystander Effect Essay

Introduction – This study researched the implications of the bystander effect when both gaze and no gaze methods were used. It tested this with woman to woman interaction only. The belief was that when gaze was held between the subject needing assistance and a random subject the expressed desire to help would raise. Methods Participants – For participants the study used one hundred and ten adult American women waiting alone at a bus stop in Staten Island, New York. Apparatus/Materials – two women dressed in plain clothes, a pocket full of change, and conducted at a bus stop. Procedures – Two women dressed in plain clothes or one woman alone approached a bus stop where a solitary other woman already was(the subject) one of the women had a cast on her dominant hand. The woman with the impairment reached into her pocket on the side of her casted hand with the opposite hand and attempted to draw coins from the pocket. Upon doing this she dropped the coins over the sidewalk. After the coins had fallen she either made eye contact with the subject or just proceeded to pick up the coins. If the subject assisted in picking up the coins or helped identify where the coins were she was considered helpful. IV – the woman dropping the coins DV – whether or not the subject assisted in picking up or finding the coins. Results – In the gaze versus no gaze condition with a companion 70% of the subjects assisted rather than 30% that assisted when no gaze was used. When no- gaze was used and tested alone versus with companion a significant difference was seen. 33% helped when the person in need of help was alone as opposed to 11% when with a companion. Discussion – this research shows that a subject can feel increased responsibility when someone else is in the vicinity and gaze is held rather than when the subject is alone and gaze is held versus gaze not being held. A possible answer for his is that when two or more people are around and someone in distress makes eye contact they are showing a distinct desire for that person rather than the other people around who they could ask for assistance. This makes a subject feel more responsible to help rather than if they would have not made eye contact because the distressee is asking indirectly for help. The difference in between look and non- look while alone was less significant because the bystander already seemingly had a sole responsibility to help and not expect someone else to and so looking at them wasn’t as much asking them specifically rather than a plea for help. Limitations – the person in need of help could be asking for different amount of help with just there facial expressions. Certain females may prefer other females more than others and be more inclined to help. Future Research – this study can be held again but rather than having solely female to female interaction, male to female and female to male interaction can be had.

Ethics in Economics and Finance Essay

Ethics is defined as a standard of human behavior that offers how to act in many situations with friends, family members, employees, business people, professionals, etc. It is necessary to mention that to make really ethical decision means to use trained sensitivity to ethical issues. In other words, ethics is associated with acceptable human behavior in this or that everyday or scientific field. Ethics incorporates norms of conventional morality to distinguish ‘wrong’ behavior from ‘right’ behavior. Generally, ethical norms suggest honesty, truthfulness, fairness, integrity, justice and respect for others. Ethics is applied to all aspects of life as, for example, medicine, psychology, business, finance and economics. Financial and economic ethics is considered subset of general ethics. (Frowen, 1995, p. 46) Ethics and Ethical Norms Researches argue that ethical norms and values play important role in maintaining harmony and stability in social life as ethics suggests proper ways of human-human interactions. Ethics recognizes human needs and aspirations, as well as cooperative efforts, fairness and truthfulness. Ethics contributes social stability and ensures balance in all spheres of life and business. Social evolution has developed instinct care in humans to take care of ourselves and of others. Ethical norms are necessary for guiding human behavior and it is refereed to when it is necessary to resolve conflicts between selfishness and selfishness, between conscience and material needs. In finance and economics ethical violations are associated with inconsistency in modern financial-economic theory. Violations are also attributed to inconsistencies in use if principal-agent model of relations in economic and financial transactions. It is noted that the financial-economic theory is based on the rational-maximizer paradigm which promotes capitalist system stressing that individuals are egoistic and they tend to behave rationally when looking for ways of maximizing their own interest. The problem is that modern financial-economic theory contradicts ethical norms of loyalty, fidelity, trustworthiness and stewardship. Moral values are the core of traditional concept of agency, but if humans are claimed to be rational maximizers, then traditional sense is impossible. (Frowen, 19995, p. 47-49) For example, Duska argues that â€Å"to do something for another in a system geared to maximize self-interest is foolish. Such an answer, though, points out an inconsistency at the heart of the system, for a system that has rules requiring agents to look out for others while encouraging individuals to look out only for themselves, destroys the practice of looking out for others†. (Duska, 1992, p. 61) Ethics in Finance Ethics in finance plays important role as it aims at ensuring fair deals and transactions. Moreover, ethics in finance addresses corporate governance, and agency relationships which should be purely contractual. In financial sphere, ethical behaviour should be based on carrot-and-stick approach. In corporate governance the conflict between stockholder and management is described as agency problem. To deal with this problem an agency theory was developed. It stresses that the principal and agent are both self-interested aiming at generating their gain. (Dobson, 1993, p. 7) Researchers say that we tend to entail our needs as, for example, management of retirement savings or stock and bond investing, to financial services as we may fail to carry them effectively. We are not as organized as financial managers, but we are not aware of agency problem. Lack of necessary information limits our ability to monitor managers’ behaviour. Therefore, modern world is characterized by selfish behaviour as people are willing to get their things done by others. Such paradoxical situation explains ethical problems in financial sphere stressing that declining in morality is observed. (Dobson, 1993, p. 8) Ethical violations in finance are rather frequent nowadays and that mainly associated with stakeholder interest, insider trading, investment management and camping financing. Loyalty and trust in public and private dealings are often violated. The most common occurrences are fraudulent financial dealings, corruption in government and public institutions, influence peddling, cheating customers about their trading profits, insider trading, unauthorized transactions, misuse of customer funds in order to obtain personal gain, larceny and corruption in banks, improper pricing of customer trades, etc. Most frequently, unethical behaviour is associated with insider trading which is defined as trading in securities of particular company or organization with an effort to take advantage of information about material side of the company. In such a way, trade is provided with unfair advantage over other competitors in the same security. (Dobson, 1993, p. 59) Therefore, ethical codes are very important in financial filed as they set standards of acceptable behaviour, fair dealing and honest relations with customers. Ethical codes in finance tends to replace egoistic paradigm and to create such system which would promote, honesty, altruism and virtuous traits. It is rather common to fid ethical codes in modern financial markets and financial corporation. In financial markets such ethical codes are established by official regulatory agencies which are trying to ensure ethical and responsible behaviour as important part of all operations and transactions. Furthermore, re-examining of the core principle of capitalist society helps to address ethical problems in both financial and economic fields. Financial ethics suggests that individual should be presented as honest and altruistic promoting honesty and fairness in public and private dealings. The primary purpose of ethic in financial sphere is to set standards of internal good. (Dobson, 1993, p. 60-61) Ethics in Economics Ethics is related with economic sphere in three ways: economists should follow ethical values trying to shape the way they are doing economics; economic actors have ethical values which shape their own behavioural standards; finally, ethical values are important for economic policies and institutions as they affect people differentially. However, from economic perspective ethics is defined as a matter of choice for everyone. Many economists argue that ethical values contribute positively economic welfare. However, there are ideas that economics is ethically neutral. Economists are interested in implication of Adam Smith’s idea that all human are driven by self-interest and egoism. Smith argued that self-interest led to the common good of nation. (Wilber, 1996, p. 135) However, he agreed that human should act in terms of internationalized moral law and police power of the state. Therefore, it is recognized that in economic sphere all figures should act on the basis of acknowledged ethical norms as economy of every country needs efficient ethical behaviour to improve country’s reputation at the world scene. In economics ethics suggests avoiding corruption in government and promoting fair decision-making. It is a matter of fact that ethics is not an easy task for economic system and business as there will be always interest groups which will challenge ethical standards and values. Therefore, economics should pay more attention to ethics and social responsibility, as well as to set ethical codes of behavior. For example, businesses are defined as important institutions in any economic structure. Therefore, they are expected to follow ethical norms when deciding how to organize the work and to produce necessary goods and service. Businesses reflect the overall economic system and unethical behavior may create unfavorable reputation. (Wilber, 1996, p. 139) Conclusion Ethics plays crucial role in all aspects of life, especially in financial and economic sphere. In financial field ethics is associated with fair transactions and dealings, honest buyer-customer relations and avoidance of corruption. In economic field ethics is associated with social responsibility, ethical decision-making as the whole nation depends on them, and, of course, with no corruption on national level. Ethics is necessary not only for maintaining balance and harmony, but also for improving reputation of company, organization, and even country. (Frowen, 1995, p. 68)

Analyze Supreme case of County Wayne vs Hathcock Essay

Analyze Supreme case of County Wayne vs Hathcock - Essay Example The only blight came with a small but significant percentage of landowners who refused to sell their lands voluntarily. For practicality reasons, this land could NOT be excluded from the noble project. This not only gave birth to the tussles between Wayne County and Hathock but also an interesting and applicable case to any urban planner and specifically a Michigan urban planner. Adopting a resolution of necessity and a declaration of taking the property (almost forcefully), Wayne County started condemnation procedures under the justification that thee land in question was to have more public benefits, in the long run, in its hands than in the aboriginal owners. The owners, on the other hand, felt that if the county was awarded eminent domain, which it did, it would be a constitutional breach. It is crucial to note that the Michigan Supreme Court had in 1981 used the case of public domain in a case Poletown Neighborhood Council v Detroit present on the same economic reasons as Wayne County’s. Article 10, section 2 of the Michigan constitution states that â€Å"private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Property may only be taken if it is for a public purpose and if just compensation is provided.† An interesting debate on what exactly can be termed as public use ensued, with the term generating different ideas. For the land to meet the public test threshold and condemned property acquired by a private investor, the court set up 3 criterions. Public necessity was evident, the property remained very much subject to public control after transfer and that the reason for choosing the land did nothing but serve the public good. The court however failed to decipher any of the above exceptions applicable to Pinnacle Project. The Wayne v. Hathock opened other chapter to any planner’s mind: what if the land itself was the case of public

Inclusive sport in UK society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inclusive sport in UK society - Essay Example With this, there are a lot of individuals who are prompted to involve and even develop themselves into several sporting events. There are statistical data which states that there are national or professional athletes who are not passionate with the sport that they are playing but do play because of money. In dealing with this, one might say that sporting in UK would mean career and employment opportunities for some. There are a lot of spectators who are saying that these kinds of occurrences really prompted people to go on several sports as a career. However, they also stated that some even though not that physically capable and deserving are pushing them to become a part of the national team or play on major commercial leagues. Such occurrences are well-documented. In further dealing with this, there are also irregularities and deprivation which are happening in different fields of sports in UK. These occurrences have something to do with racism, gender and sometimes social status between the rich and the poor and the disabled one. In dealing with this, a thinking that playing sport as a right of an individual is now replaced by the thought that the privileged ones are those who could enjoy a sporting event to the fullest as well as the perks and incentives encircling it should a certain individual be hired and open a career as a sportsman. In this case, several instances occurred in dealing with this issue, UNESCO has reported several instances involving racial discrimination even in professional football league in UK. There are a lot of accounted deprivations and discrimination of some individuals in sports played in UK in which they were not given equal opportunities with regards to playing time, exposures and the likes. In November 2000, unesco.org have reported that "Three days into England's new football season and Patrick Vieira, France's World Cup and Euro 2000 winning midfield player, is dismissed while playing for Arsenal against Liverpool, earning his second red card in as many matches. The British press is quick to speculate that he will quit the English game, invoking the player's own accusations that he has been subject to "racist" intimidation from players and officials alike. According to Vieira, he is being singled out for abuse not because he is black, but because he is French-a complaint previously made by expat footballers like Eric Cantona, Frank Leboeuf and Emmanuel Petit-Only months before, a defender playing for West Ham faced disciplinary charges after allegedly calling Vieira a "French prat" and joking that "he could smell the garlic" when the midfielder spat at him" Issues and controversies surrounding inclusive sport in UK society 3 Furthermore, UNESCO (2000) stressed that such incidents are just replication of history adding that "In England, the cradle of football hooliganism, the debate over racism in football has evolved. Overt racism among supporters and abuse directed at black players, both of which flourished in the 1970s and 1980s, have declined steeply in recent years in the face of vociferous public campaigning, though residual pre-judices against foreign players have evidently been unaffected. Elsewhere, in

CJ summarize 10-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CJ summarize 10-1 - Essay Example The municipal or magistrate courts handle larger case loads and have a wide discretion in the cases to handle. Trial courts are state courts with general jurisdiction. They are courts of record and handle all civil and criminal matters and are often called district, circuit or superior courts. The appellate courts are the highest courts in the state level and only handle appeals and review decisions of lower courts (Neubauer and Fradella 61). The federal courts are a creation of the Federal judiciary act, and there are 94 courts countrywide. These courts are trial courts and have jurisdiction over federal laws. The US district courts fall within the federal courts and often have a single judge, but complicated cases are heard by three judges and the defendant can request for a jury trial. There are 13 US court of appeals locates in a circuit with a three judge panel. The US Supreme Court is the highest court and is authorized by the constitution. The cases accepted for review by this court must pass the Rule of four, more than four justice’s feel that the matter needs consideration of the full court (Neubauer and Fradella